Total Ramsar Sites in North East India 2025, A Ramsar site is a wetland area recognized internationally under the Ramsar Convention, an agreement to conserve wetlands and their biodiversity. Established in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, the Convention encourages countries to protect wetland habitats critical for migratory birds, aquatic life, and local ecosystems. Ramsar sites include freshwater lakes, marshes, peatlands, and coastal areas.
These sites are globally important for maintaining biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and supporting local communities. The designation helps raise awareness about wetland conservation, promotes sustainable management, and provides international support for protecting these vital ecosystems. There are over 2,400 Ramsar sites worldwide.
Ramsar Site of Assam
Deepor Beel
Deepor Beel is a prominent and ecologically significant wetland in the Kamrup district of Assam, India. Situated to the south of the Brahmaputra River, it is one of the largest natural wetlands in the region. It plays a crucial role in supporting biodiversity and local communities’ livelihoods. The term “beel” refers to a wetland or lake, and Deepor Beel is a quintessential example of a floodplain ecosystem essential for the region’s ecological balance.
The wetland spans approximately 4,100 hectares, although its size can vary depending on seasonal fluctuations. Deepor Beel serves as a seasonal floodplain lake, with water levels rising during the monsoon season, thus providing critical habitats for various species of plants, animals, and birds. The water body is interconnected with the Brahmaputra River through a network of channels and marshy areas, which allows it to function as an important flood control system, absorbing excess water during heavy rains and helping to mitigate flood damage in the surrounding regions.
Deepor Beel is recognized for its rich biodiversity, making it an important site for both local and migratory wildlife. The wetland is home to various aquatic species, including fish, amphibians, and reptiles. In particular, it is a significant stopover point for migratory birds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. The wetland has been designated as a “Ramsar Site,” a designation granted to wetlands of international importance, due to its role in supporting over 200 species of birds, including waterfowl, herons, kingfishers, and egrets. Some species of migratory birds that frequent the area include the Northern Pintail, the Garganey, and the Spot-billed Duck. These species rely on the wetland’s diverse habitats for nesting, feeding, and shelter.
In addition to birds, Deepor Beel supports a range of other wildlife species, such as the endangered Gangetic dolphin, which can occasionally be spotted in the waters of the Brahmaputra River that flows through the area. The wetland also supports a variety of plant species, including aquatic grasses and reeds, which contribute to the area’s unique ecosystem.
However, Deepor Beel faces significant environmental challenges. Urbanization and human activities, such as agriculture and illegal fishing, have led to the degradation of the wetland’s ecosystem. Encroachment of land around the wetland, coupled with pollution from nearby industrial activities, has negatively impacted water quality. The growth of invasive plant species also poses a threat to the biodiversity of the area, further endangering the delicate balance of the wetland ecosystem.
Conservation efforts have been made to protect Deepor Beel, including efforts by local authorities, NGOs, and community groups. These initiatives aim to preserve the wetland’s biodiversity, improve water quality, and prevent further encroachment. Some programs focus on sustainable tourism, allowing visitors to enjoy the natural beauty of the area while minimizing the environmental impact.
Deepor Beel is not only an ecological treasure but also holds cultural significance for the local communities. It supports the livelihoods of nearby residents who depend on fishing, agriculture, and small-scale tourism for income. It is an essential part of the cultural and environmental fabric of Assam, making its conservation a shared responsibility for all stakeholders.
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Ramsar Site of Manipur
Loktak Lake
Loktak Lake, located in the northeastern state of Manipur, India, is one of the country’s most unique and ecologically significant freshwater lakes. It has been designated as a Ramsar Site due to its international importance as a wetland ecosystem. The lake spans an area of about 287 square kilometers and is known for its distinctive floating(organic matter, vegetation, and soil) that drift on its surface, creating a mesmerizing and dynamic landscape.
The lake is located near the capital city of Imphal and plays a vital role in the local ecosystem, providing water for irrigation, drinking, and fisheries. It also supports a wide range of biodiversity, making it an essential habitat for both migratory and resident species of birds, plants, and aquatic animals. Loktak Lake is home to over 100 species of fish, 425 species of plants, and a variety of birds, including the endangered migratory species like the Siberian Crane and the Little Grebe.
One of the most notable aspects of Loktak Lake is its role as the habitat for the Sangai or Manipur brow-antlered deer, which is an endangered species and the state animal of Manipur. The deer is found in the Keibul Lamjao National Park, located on the lake’s floating phumdis. This national park, being the only floating park in the world, is a testament to the unique nature of the lake’s ecosystem and its global environmental significance.
Apart from its ecological value, Loktak Lake also has cultural importance for the local Meitei community. The lake and its surroundings play an integral role in the daily lives of people, providing resources for fishing and serving as a source of spiritual and cultural identity.
However, Loktak Lake faces various environmental threats, including pollution from agricultural runoff, encroachment, and the construction of a hydropower project, which has altered the lake’s natural water flow and ecosystem. To mitigate these impacts, various conservation efforts have been initiated, focusing on the protection of the lake’s biodiversity and the restoration of its water quality.
Ramsar Site of Mizoram
Pala Wetland
Mizoram’s Pala Wetland is an ecologically significant wetland located in the northeastern part of India, in the state of Mizoram. Covering an area of approximately 4.5 square kilometers, this wetland is located in the Champhai district, near the Myanmar border. It is recognized for its rich biodiversity and provides critical support to both local wildlife and surrounding communities. The wetland serves as an important habitat for a wide range of plant and animal species, including both migratory and resident birds, aquatic plants, and a variety of aquatic life.
One of the key features of Pala Wetland is its role as a vital breeding and feeding ground for numerous bird species, particularly migratory waterfowl. It serves as a stopover site for birds traveling along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, a major migratory route for many bird species. Among the avian species found in the wetland are various species of ducks, waders, and waterfowl, making it a significant location for birdwatchers and researchers. In addition to birds, the wetland is home to a variety of other animals, including amphibians and aquatic life that depend on the wetland for their survival.
The surrounding areas are sparsely populated and the local communities rely on the wetland for various livelihood activities such as fishing, small-scale agriculture, and the collection of non-timber forest products. The wetland’s rich resources make it an essential part of the local economy, providing sustenance and economic opportunities to people living in and around the area.
However, Pala Wetland faces several threats, primarily from human activities such as encroachment, agricultural expansion, and pollution. Unsustainable agricultural practices and the draining of the wetland for cultivation have impacted the overall health of the ecosystem. Additionally, the wetlands habitat is under pressure due to deforestation and the conversion of land for development. Climate change also poses a long-term threat to the wetland, as it may affect water levels and biodiversity.
To ensure the long-term sustainability of Pala Wetland, conservation efforts are needed. These include measures to prevent encroachment, control pollution, and encourage sustainable use of the wetland’s resources. Awareness programs and the involvement of local communities in conservation activities are crucial for preserving the wetland’s ecological balance.
Ramsar Site of Tripura
Rudrasagar Lake
Rudrasagar Lake is a prominent freshwater lake located in the western part of the Tripura state in northeastern India. Situated near the town of Melaghar in the Sepahijala district, Rudrasagar Lake is not only an important ecological site but also a key cultural and historical landmark in the region. The lake covers an area of about 2.5 square kilometers and serves as an important habitat for various species of flora and fauna, making it a vital part of Tripura’s natural heritage.
Rudrasagar Lake is famous for its rich biodiversity, particularly as a habitat for migratory birds. During the winter months, the lake sees an influx of migratory species that use it as a stopover along their migratory routes. The wetland attracts various species of waterfowl, waders, and other bird species, many of which are of conservation concern. Additionally, the lake supports numerous aquatic species, including fish and amphibians, contributing to the diversity of its ecosystem.
One of the key features of Rudrasagar Lake is the Neermahal Palace, which is located on an island in the middle of the lake. Built during the reign of the Tripura king, Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya, in the early 20th century, the palace is an architectural marvel that blends Mughal and Hindu styles. The palace, surrounded by the serene waters of the lake, adds a historical and cultural dimension to the wetland area. It has become a popular tourist attraction and offers boat rides for visitors to explore the lake and the palace.
The lake also plays an essential role in the local communities’ livelihoods. Fishermen depend on the lake for fishing, while nearby villages rely on it for water for agriculture and other daily needs. The surrounding areas are used for farming and cultivation, which are linked to the lake’s natural resources.
However, Rudrasagar Lake faces several threats, including pollution, encroachment, and the deterioration of its water quality due to agricultural runoff and urbanization. The growing human population around the lake has increased pressure on its resources. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect the lake’s ecosystem and prevent further degradation.
Types of Ramsar site in India
In India, Ramsar Sites are categorized based on the type of wetland they represent, and these can be broadly classified into the following types:
- Lakes and Reservoirs: These are natural or artificial bodies of standing water that support a wide range of aquatic life. Examples include the Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan and Chilika Lake in Odisha. These wetlands are crucial for waterfowl and migratory bird populations.
- Tidal and Coastal Wetlands: These wetlands are found along coastal regions, where seawater mixes with freshwater. They include Sundarbans in West Bengal, a mangrove forest and estuary, and Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu, which supports both coastal and migratory bird species.
- Rivers and Riverine Wetlands: Some Ramsar Sites are located along rivers, including the Nanda Lake in Gujarat. These riverine wetlands support diverse aquatic life and maintain ecological balance.
- Mountain Wetlands: High-altitude wetlands, such as Tsomoriri Lake in Ladakh, are vital for maintaining water cycles in mountainous regions. These sites are home to unique flora and fauna adapted to harsh climatic conditions.
- Freshwater Marshes and Swamps: Wetlands like Bhitarkanika Mangroves in Odisha are predominantly marshes and swamps, providing habitat for a variety of species including the endangered saltwater crocodile.
These diverse wetlands play crucial roles in supporting biodiversity, regulating water flow, mitigating floods, and offering numerous ecosystem services. Their protection through Ramsar designation helps in maintaining the environmental health of the region.
What is a Ramsar Site?
A Ramsar Site is a wetland area designated under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, an international treaty established in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran. The convention’s primary goal is to conserve and ensure the sustainable use of wetlands globally. A Ramsar Site is recognized for its ecological, biological, and hydrological importance, either for its role in biodiversity conservation or its contribution to the local environment.
Wetlands designated as Ramsar Sites are protected under national and international laws, aiming to conserve their unique ecosystems and the species that depend on them. These wetlands can include lakes, rivers, swamps, marshes, coastal areas, and even man-made wetlands like reservoirs or fish ponds. The sites are critical for maintaining biodiversity, providing habitats for migratory birds, preventing floods, purifying water, and supporting various human livelihoods through activities like fishing and tourism.
As of August 2024, India has 85 Ramsar Sites, which are among the 2,400+ globally recognized locations. These sites are chosen based on their unique ecological value, whether it be for their role in supporting migratory birds, aquatic life, or rare and endangered species. Protecting Ramsar Sites is essential for ensuring the health of the planet’s wetland ecosystems.
Additional Knowledge:
List of Ramsar sites in Andhra Pradesh
Kolleru Lake, Designated: 19 August 2002
List of Ramsar sites in Assam
Deepor Beel, Designated: 19 August 2002
List of Ramsar sites in Bihar
Kanwar Lake, Designated: 21 July 2020
Nagi Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 11 October 2023
Nakti Lake, Designated: 11 October 2023
List of Ramsar sites in Goa
Nanda Lake, Designated: 8 June 2022
List of Ramsar sites in Gujarat
Khijadiya, Designated: 13 April 2021
Nalsarovar, Designated: 24 September 2012
Thol Lake, Designated: 05 April 2021
Wadhvana Wetland, Designated: 05 April 2021
List of Ramsar sites in Haryana
Sultanpur National Park, Designated: 25 May 2021
Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Designated: 25 May 2021
List of Ramsar sites in Himachal Pradesh
Chandra Taal, Designated: 8 November 2005
Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary, Designated: 19 August 2002
Renuka Lake, Designated: 8 November 2005
List of Ramsar sites in Jammu and Kashmir
Hokersar Wetland, Designated: 8 November 2005
Hygam Wetland Conservation Reserve, Designated: 8 June 2022
Shallabugh Wetland, Designated: 8 June 2022
Mansar-Surinsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Designated: 8 November 2005
Wular Lake, Designated: 23 March 1990
List of Ramsar sites in Karnataka
Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 15 February 2022
Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Designated: 10 March 2023
Aghanashini Estuary, Designated: 14 February 2023
Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve, Designated: 14 February 2023
List of Ramsar sites in Kerala
Ashtamudi Wetland, Designated: 18 August 2002
Sasthamkotta Lake, Designated: 19 August 2002
Vembanad-Kol Wetland, Designated: 19 August 2002
List of Ramsar sites in Ladakh
Tsomoriri Lake, Designated: 19 August 2002
List of Ramsar sites in Madhya Pradesh
Bhoj Wetland, Designated: 19 August 2002
Sakhya Sagar, Designated: 7 January 2022
Sirpur Lake, Designated: 7 January 2022
Yashwant Sagar, Designated: 7 January 2022
Tawa Reservoir, Designated: 08 January 2024
List of Ramsar sites in Maharashtra
Lonar Lake, Designated: 22 July 2020
Nandur Madhameshwar, Designated: 21 June 2019
Thane Creek, Designated: 13 April 2022
List of Ramsar sites in Manipur
Loktak Lake, Designated: 23 March 1990
List of Ramsar sites in Mizoram
Pala Wetland, Designated: 31 August 2021
List of Ramsar sites in Odisha
Ansupa Lake, Designated: 12 October 2021
Bhitarkanika Mangroves, Designated: 19 August 2002
Chilika Lake, Designated: 1 October 1981
Hirakud Reservoir, Designated: 12 October 2021
Satkosia Gorge, Designated: 12 October 2021
Tampara Lake, Designated: 12 October 2021
List of Ramsar sites in Punjab
Beas Conservation Reserve, Designated: 26 September 2019
Harike Wetland, Designated: 23 March 1990
Kanjli Wetland, Designated: 22 January 2002
Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve, Designated: 26 September 2019
Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary, Designated: 26 September 2019
Ropar Wetland, Designated: 22 January 2002
List of Ramsar sites in Rajasthan
Keoladeo National Park, Designated: 1 October 1981
Sambhar Lake, Designated: 23 March 1990
List of Ramsar sites in Tamil Nadu
Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 8 November 2021
Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve, Designated: 8 April 2022
Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary,
Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary,
Karikili Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 8 April 2022
Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 8 November 2021
Longwood Shola Reserve Forest, Designated: 24 May 2023
Pallikarnai Marsh Reserve Forest, Designated: 8 April 2022
Pichavaram Mangrove, Designated: 8 April 2022
Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary,
Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex,
Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 8 April 2022
Vadavur Bird Sanctuary,
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 8 April 2022
Vellode Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 8 April 2022
Vembannur Wetland Complex, Designated: 8 April 2022
Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 16 January 2024
Kazhuveli Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 16 January 2024
List of Ramsar sites in Tripura
Rudrasagar Lake, Designated: 8 November 2005
List of Ramsar sites in Uttar Pradesh
Bakhira Sanctuary, Designated: 29 June 2021
Haiderpur Wetland, Designated: 13 April 2021
Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 19 September 2019
Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 2 December 2019
Saman Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 2 December 2019
Samaspur Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 3 October 2019
Sandi Bird Sanctuary, Designated: 26 September 2019
Sarsai Nawar Jheel, Designated: 19 September 2019
Sur Sarovar, Designated: 21 August 2020
Upper Ganga River, Designated: 8 November 2005
List of Ramsar sites in Uttarakhand
Asan Barrage, Designated: 21 July 2020
List of Ramsar sites in West Bengal
East Kolkata Wetlands, Designated: 19 August 2002
Sundarban Wetland, Designated: 30 January 2019
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Ramsar sites are crucial for preserving global biodiversity and sustaining ecosystems. These wetlands play an essential role in water purification, flood regulation, and carbon sequestration, while also supporting diverse wildlife species. Designating areas as Ramsar sites helps protect these vital ecosystems from degradation, ensuring their conservation for future generations. By emphasizing sustainable management practices, local communities, and governments can balance development with environmental stewardship. Continued international collaboration and funding are needed to safeguard these irreplaceable natural resources, enabling wetlands to thrive and provide critical services to both people and wildlife alike.